Publicación:
Riesgo de sangrado gastrointestinal por uso de anticoagulantes directos orales: ¿cuál es más seguro?

dc.contributor.authorLozada Martinez, Ivan Davidspa
dc.contributor.authorSolano Díaz, Luis Carlosspa
dc.contributor.authorBarbosa Pérez, Marcelaspa
dc.contributor.authorRueda Oviedo, Víctor Andrésspa
dc.contributor.authorCaicedo Moncada, Brainerd Leninspa
dc.contributor.authorDiaz Cruz, Gustavo Andrésspa
dc.contributor.authorCeballos Espitia, Adriana cristinaspa
dc.contributor.authorDiaz Gómez, David Estebanspa
dc.contributor.authorRojas Ramírez , Daiana Andreaspa
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-06T00:00:00Z
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-05T14:25:32Z
dc.date.available2023-05-06T00:00:00Z
dc.date.available2025-08-05T14:25:32Z
dc.date.issued2023-05-06
dc.description.abstractLos anticoagulantes directos orales fueron agentes que cambiaron radicalmente la estrategia de anticoagulación, sobre todo en el manejo del riesgo cardiovascular e incidencia de eventos tromboembólicos. No obstante, de acuerdo a su mecanismo de acción, era imperativo el riesgo de sangrado como evento adverso. El sangrado gastrointestinal es una de las localizaciones más frecuentes asociadas a estos eventos, el cual, de acuerdo al estado del paciente, puede comprometer el estado hemodinámico, endocrino y funcional del paciente. Por lo tanto, esta es una condición que acarrea elevados costos en salud, afecta la calidad de vida del paciente y es un potencial desencadenante de morbilidad y mortalidad. Distintos factores de riesgo pueden contribuir al incremento del riesgo de sangrado, y es un reto sopesar la relación beneficio-riesgo y costo-efectividad. Existen brechas respecto a los perfiles de seguridad y eficacia en la actualidad, puesto que estudios recientes han encontrado variabilidad del rendimiento de estos medicamentos, considerando algunos análisis por subgrupos. Considerando lo anterior, el objetivo de esta revisión consiste en sintetizar evidencia sobre los perfiles de eficacia y seguridad de los anticoagulantes directos orales, en pacientes con antecedente o no de sangrado gastrointestinal, y ciertos subgrupos, quienes requieren de manera obligatoria esta terapia. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, EBSCO y MEDLINE. Revisiones recientes sobre este tema, han descrito varios factores que pueden influir sobre el riesgo de sangrado gastrointestinal con el uso de anticoagulantes directos orales, algunos modificables, otros no modificables, los cuales deben tenerse en cuenta en la práctica clínica, como lo son: edad avanzada (> 75 años), elevadas dosis de anticoagulación, uso concomitante de esteroides, antiagregantes plaquetarios y antiinflamatorios no esteroideos, antecedente de sangrado gastrointestinal, etnia, y disminución de la función renal, entre otros. Y a pesar que la evidencia es heterogénea, y aunque parece ser que los anticoagulantes directos orales demuestran ser superiores a la Warfarina, existen algunos que revelan un perfil de seguridad y eficacia mejor que otros. Parece ser que Apixaban en dosis de 5 mg dos veces al día es el agente farmacológico de este grupo más seguro, mientras que Rivaroxaban es el agente que exhibe mayor riesgo de sangrado gastrointestinal. Estos resultados, son similares tanto de manera general, como en pacientes con fibrilación auricular, donde es más difícil sopesar la relación beneficio-riesgo.spa
dc.description.abstractThe direct oral anticoagulants were agents that radically changed the anticoagulation strategy, especially in the management of cardiovascular risk and the incidence of thromboembolic events. However, according to their mechanism of action, the risk of bleeding as an adverse event was imperative. Gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the most frequent locations associated with these events, which, depending on the patient's condition, can compromise the patient's hemodynamic, endocrine, and functional status. Therefore, this is a condition that carries high health costs, affects the patient's quality of life, and is a potential trigger for morbidity and mortality. Various risk factors can contribute to an increased risk of bleeding, and it is a challenge to weigh the benefit-risk and cost-effectiveness relationship. There are gaps regarding safety and efficacy profiles currently, as recent studies have found variability in the performance of these drugs, considering some subgroup analyses. Considering the above, the objective of this review is to synthesize evidence on the efficacy and safety profiles of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with or without a history of gastrointestinal bleeding, and certain subgroups who require this therapy mandatory. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, EBSCO, and MEDLINE databases. Recent reviews on this topic have described several factors that may influence the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding with the use of direct oral anticoagulants, some modifiable, others non-modifiable, which must be taken into account in clinical practice, such as advanced age (>75 years), high doses of anticoagulation, concomitant use of steroids, antiplatelet agents, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, history of gastrointestinal bleeding, ethnicity, and decreased renal function, among others. And although the evidence is heterogeneous, and although it seems that direct oral anticoagulants demonstrate superiority to Warfarin, some reveal a safety and efficacy profile better than others. It appears that Apixaban at a dose of 5 mg twice daily is the safest pharmacological agent in this group, while Rivaroxaban is the agent that exhibits the highest risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. These results are similar both in general and in patients with atrial fibrillation, where it is more difficult to weigh the benefit-risk relationship.eng
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.doi10.26752/cuarzo.v28.n2.656
dc.identifier.eissn2500-7181
dc.identifier.issn0121-2133
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.juanncorpas.edu.co/handle/001/444
dc.identifier.urlhttps://doi.org/10.26752/cuarzo.v28.n2.656
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherFundación Universitaria Juan N. Corpasspa
dc.relation.bitstreamhttps://revistas.juanncorpas.edu.co/index.php/cuarzo/article/download/656/512
dc.relation.citationendpage37
dc.relation.citationissue2spa
dc.relation.citationstartpage31
dc.relation.citationvolume28spa
dc.relation.ispartofjournalRevista Cuarzospa
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dc.rightsIvan David Lozada Martinez, Luis Carlos Solano Díaz, Marcela Barbosa Pérez, Víctor Andrés Rueda Oviedo, Brainerd Lenin Caicedo Moncada, Gustavo Andrés Diaz Cruz, Adriana cristina Ceballos Espitia, David Esteban Diaz Gómez, Daiana Andrea Rojas Ramírez - 2022spa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
dc.rights.creativecommonsEsta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.spa
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0spa
dc.sourcehttps://revistas.juanncorpas.edu.co/index.php/cuarzo/article/view/656spa
dc.subjectanticoagulantesspa
dc.subjectHemorragia Gastrointestinalspa
dc.subjectEnfermedades Gastrointestinalesspa
dc.subjectRiesgospa
dc.subjectEfecto Secundariospa
dc.subjectAnticoagulantseng
dc.subjectGastrointestinal Hemorrhageeng
dc.subjectGastrointestinal Diseaseseng
dc.subjectRiskeng
dc.subjectSecondary Effecteng
dc.titleRiesgo de sangrado gastrointestinal por uso de anticoagulantes directos orales: ¿cuál es más seguro?spa
dc.title.translatedRisk of gastrointestinal bleeding with the use of direct oral anticoagulants: which is safer?eng
dc.typeArtículo de revistaspa
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